Spartan Essay free essay sample

Imagine trying to overpower an army of soldiers, or hoplites, that covers about ten football fields. Imagine the fear you would experience as they rushed at you with their sharp bronze spears. Sparta had one of the most powerful armies of their time and conquered miles upon miles of land with their legions of Spartans. No civilization could surpass the greatness of the Spartan army or navy. They were hopeless against the relentless city-state that was a huge army base. Sparta was one of the most war-sophisticated civilizations known to mankind. Sparta was a city of ancient Greece. It was located in a fertile, mountain -walled valley. With their swords, knives, and spears they would conquer most of Europe. The Spartiates gave themselves wholly to war (Spartan Society,15). They carried swords instead of bibles, and shields instead of baskets. They acquired everything they needed by brute force. Sparta was a war machine who molded strong courageous men out of the strongest boys. We will write a custom essay sample on Spartan Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The boys would be checked at birth to see if he was worthy. If a baby was weak, it would be tossed aside ruthlessly (Sparta Society 10). Sparta had no room for weaklings. At the age of seven, boys started training to join the army. They were trained to endure pain, hunger, and the cold. At age twenty, they joined the army. At age thirty, you acquired full citizenship, but you still had to live in the barracks and eat with warriors. At age sixty, soldiers could retire from the army. Spartan men were usually in the army and women ran the homes and waited for their husbands to comeback from wars. A Spartan hoplite usually carried a sword made of bronze and a shield made of the same alloy. They may also carry spear with a bronze tip and a shield that protected about three-fourths of their body. Spartan generals usually carried a sword encrusted with precious stones, metals, or jewels. Their armor usually consisted of a helmet, chest plate, leg plates, and fore arm plates which were all made of bronze. A Spartan rushed into battle for honor and came home a hero, if he returned at all. One of the best war inventions was the hoplite phalanx. It was, in itself, a formation of soldiers in a rectangle. When a soldier was taken down in front of you, moved up into his spot. This created a defensive wall of hurt on anyone who opposed them. Armies that used this were unbeatable, especially Sparta. Mostly soldiers in this formation carried long spears and shields that was about one meter tall and covered most of their body mass(Corinthian War) The Spartan legions traveled in this formation everywhere they went. The Persian wars were a series of conflicts fought between Greek states and the Persian Empire (Persian Wars). The Persian army was massive. Not only were there many foot soldiers, but their navy was immensely large. It was unmatched by anything the Greeks had. It took most of the states in Greece to defeat Persia. Some states surrendered when Persia invaded them. These states were spared. The others, however, were not given a break from the constant war. One of the most famous battles was at Thermopylae, where the Spartan king Leonidas held off Xerxes’ army. Leonidas brought a small amount of soldiers because for Sparta to survive, a Spartan king must die (â€Å"Peloponnesian War†). This was told to him by an oracle. During the Persian wars, the battle of Marathon was underway. This is when Greece had the first victory of the war. Supposedly, a messenger named Pheidippides ran twenty five miles to Athens to tell of the victory. At the end of the great run, he died. This is why we have marathons. In 479 B. C. , Xerxes was defeated at Plataea by Pausanias, the nephew of king Leonidas. Pausanias was called home to face a charge of treasonable negotiations with Persia (Pausanias). Luckily, he was acquitted of all charges. This happened yet again later on. And the same thing happened. Then he was accused plotting against Sparta. He hid in a temple and was left to starve to death. The Peloponnesian Wars were most likely the most important wars of Sparta. These were wars against Athens, which was probably one of Sparta’s worst enemies. They took place from 431 B. C. to 404 B. C. (Peloponnesian War). There were very many disputes of government. Athens and Sparta battled on land and by sea. There was an armistice between the two, although they kept fighting without an end. Finally, in 422 B. C. , the Spartans won at Amphipolis. This was a major feat for Sparta, as they had just taken out their biggest enemy. One of the most notable Spartan was a naval commander named Lysander. He led an army of Spartans but he fell in the battle of Haliartus. By taking Athens, Sparta took control of the land and enslaved its people. The tremendous wars that Sparta was in were usually a landslide. Sparta was usually outnumbered, and with their military superiority, they came out triumphant. There were many feats that took place during the history of Sparta, but like other civilizations, there was an end. The Corinthian war was an armed conflict between Corinth, Argos, Thebes, and Athens on one side and Sparta on the other (Corinthian War 14). The only way to bring upon the downfall of Sparta was to overwhelm its forces. Through all the fighting and disputes, Sparta had much conquered land. The Spartiates were the only citizens and the only sharers in the land allotments of the lands and of the Helots†¦ (Spartan Society 1). Although the Spartans had a lot of land, there was an excess amount of people in Sparta. Even as they expanded their borders, the overpopulation became worse. It was once said that Helots, the slaves, outnumbered Spartans by as much as ten to one. Sparta also took over many civilizations. Surely Sparta could not control it all. This spread Sparta’s governing power too thin. They also had governors from the different regions they took over. These people usually did not listen to the king and their people would be punished severely. Also, the Helots revolted a few times, but did not prevail. Government also played a part in war. Whoever was ruling was commander of the army. If the ruler was worthy, the army was effective. However, there were many revisions of the Spartan government which tended to make the army less effective. Also, there was a lot of corruption in their government. This caused many disputes within the civilization. Sparta was weakened because its people were now fighting each other. (Spartan Society 4) The Spartan society was different from many others. Since most of the men were at war, women were the people who ran shops and what not. They would produce weapons and armor. Women also owned most of the land in Sparta. If you compare the society to that of Athens, you see major differences in their army. In Sparta, everyone was supposed to do their job. Men were supposed to be in the army, and women do everyday things. However, in Athens, women were to only marry and have children. They were also rarely seen in public. Most of the men were the ones who worked, therefore their army would never be able to be as strong as Sparta’s. A family In Sparta, however, was not very sturdy. The father went to war, the boys were taken at the age of seven, and some newborns would be thrown away. If you had a weak child, it brought shame to your family, so it was best to only have strong Spartans who would someday become heroes (Spartan Society 3). Even the Spartans in the community were strict. They could not eat with their families. They had to belong to a special dining table. They could not have any luxuries such as music, reading, or even talking nice. They spoke short and got to the point. Some people say this is called laconic speaking because the Spartans originated from Laconia. The Corinthian war was the last fought by the Spartans. It started in 395 B. C. and ended in 86 B. C. (Corinthian War 13). Sparta was outnumbered four to one. It was the first and only time Sparta would lose a major war, this one costing its very existence. Athens gained help from Persia to build a fleet better than the Spartan fleet of battleships. Antalcidas persuaded Artaxerxes II to agree to the King’s Peace or peace of Antalcidas. This was going to make Persia stop helping the other Greek states. The Persian king controlled it, however. This did eliminate many enemies though. Sparta fell in 371 B. C. The greatest warring state had been defeated by Thebes at Leuctra. In conclusion, Sparta had fallen for many reasons. First, its government was corrupt. Second, with all the inside disputes, people were fighting their own people. And last, they were overwhelmed by all the forces. Athens had gotten what they wanted-revenge. Sparta advanced the way humans see battle today. They made new types of weapons. They also made battle plans that humans used for centuries after that. They were also the first to dominate large amounts of land and to make a huge empire. The Spartans set guidelines as to how soldiers are to be raised. They also solved problems past civilizations had. Sparta was one of the most war-advanced civilizations that ever battled on the face of the earth. It was a forerunner of war, battle, and soldiers. All throughout history you can see bits and pieces of the Spartan war culture in many civilizations around the world. If you look closely, you can trace them back to Sparta, the land of the Spartans. Works Cited â€Å"Corinthian War. † Student Rsearch Center. Ebscohost, n. d. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. Durant, Will. The Life of Greece. New York: Simon and Shuster, 1939. N. pag. Print. Greece Travel Guide. â€Å"Sparta History. † Greece Travel. N. p. , 2009. Web. 7 Oct. 2009. â€Å"Hoplite. † Student Research Center. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. Lazenby, J. â€Å"Sparta. † Middle Search Plus. N. p. , 1967. Web. 7 Oct. 2009. â€Å"Lysander. † Middle Search Plus. Columbia Encyclopedia, n. d. Web. 7 Oct. 2009. â€Å"Pausanias, Spartan general. † Columbia Encyclopedia. N. p. , n. d. Web. 7 Oct. 2009. â€Å"Peloponnesian War. † Ebsco Host. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. â€Å"Persian Wars. † Primary Search. N. p. , n. d. Web. 7 Oct. 2009. â€Å"Sparta. † History World. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. .

The Deadly Bubonic Plague essays

The Deadly Bubonic Plague essays The bubonic plague got its name because of the symptoms of the disease. Bubonic plague causes very painful, swollen lymph nodes called buboes. These swollen lymph nodes are mostly found first in the groin area, which is "boubon" in Latin. The disease became associated with the term "plague" because of the large amount of deaths through history. In medieval times, the plague was also known as the "Black Death" because the dried blood under the skin turns black. The plague can infect pretty much anyone. If you go around someone who's infected, you can get it. If you hang around rats and fleas a lot, you might get the disease. And if you work in a lab with diseases and you ingest a sample of the bacterium, you'll probably get it. If you travel a lot to countries with infected people and you don't take the proper precautions, you might get it. There are many ways to get the bubonic plague, but with modern technology, it can be prevented. But, if by some freak accident, you do get the plague, it can be easily treated. The plague is not age, gender, or race specific. An old, black woman could get it as could a newborn white boy. When the bacterium, Yersinia pestis, enters the bloodstream, it travels to the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, and brain. The incubation period is usually two to six days after exposure. Some early symptoms include shivering, vomiting, headache, giddiness, intolerance to light, back and limb pain, and a white coating on the tongue. Eventually, pain occurs in places that contain lymph nodes, including the groin, armpit, and neck. Later, there is painful swelling of the lymph nodes called "boboes", hard lumps that appear in the inner thigh, neck, and armpit. Blood vessels then break, causing internal bleeding. Soon, the dried blood begins to turn black. If it goes untreated, plague mortality can be up to 75%. Once a person is infected and recovers, they become immune. The bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium...

Average SAT ACT Scores by State (Participation Adjusted)

Average SAT ACT Scores by State (Participation Adjusted) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Participation rate has a huge impact on state average SAT / ACT scores. In any state, the top students on the SAT/ACT are those most eager to take it, so states with low participation rates have artificiallyhigher SAT / ACT scores. Here, we use advanced statistical methods to adjustfor participation rate to get at the real ranking of states by their real SAT and ACT scores. Both the SAT and the ACT test makers have released data on raw average SAT and ACT scores by state. However, you cannot rely on raw average scores because these averages are biased by participation rates. The lowest participating states tend to send primarily their best students and have the highest scores. This results in bias. We have used advanced, robust statistical methods to adjustfor participation rate to get at the real, underlying, normed average SAT and ACT scores by state. This adjustment in the technical literature is also known as "controlling" or "norming". Hereare the adjusted scores: States Ranked by AverageSAT Scores,Adjusted Rank State Average SAT Score,Adjusted Average New SAT Score,Adjusted Raw Average SAT Score Participation Rate 1 Massachusetts 1694 30 1556 84% 2 Connecticut 1690 26 1525 88% 3 Minnesota 1660 07 1786 6% 4 New Jersey 1655 04 1526 79% 5 Illinois 1652 01 1802 5% 6 New Hampshire 1651 01 1566 70% 7 North Dakota 1649 1099 1816 2% 8 Virginia 1648 1099 1530 73% 9 South Dakota 1648 1099 1792 3% 10 Iowa 1648 1098 1794 3% Wisconsin 1644 1096 1782 4% 12 Vermont 1640 1093 1554 63% 13 Colorado 1635 1090 1735 14% 14 Missouri 1633 1089 1771 4% 15 Michigan 1628 1086 1784 4% 16 Kansas 1621 1081 1753 5% 17 Georgia 1620 1080 1445 77% 18 Indiana 1612 1075 1474 71% 19 Florida 1609 1073 1448 72% 20 Nebraska 1604 1070 1745 4% 21 Wyoming 1600 1067 1762 3% 22 Kentucky 1596 1064 1746 5% 23 New York 1593 1062 1468 76% 24 North Carolina 1592 1062 1483 64% 25 Oregon 1587 1058 1544 48% 26 Maryland 1586 1057 1468 78% 27 Washington 1585 1057 1519 63% 28 Idaho 1585 1056 1364 100% 29 South Carolina 1584 1056 1443 65% 30 Hawaii 1584 1056 1460 63% 31 Tennessee 1581 1054 1714 8% 32 California 1579 1053 1504 60% 33 Ohio 1577 1051 1652 15% 34 Arizona 1568 1045 1547 36% 35 Pennsylvania 1567 1044 1481 71% 36 Oklahoma 1565 1043 1697 5% 37 Rhode Island 1563 1042 1480 73% 38 Montana 1558 1039 1637 18% 39 Alaska 1555 1037 1485 54% 40 Mississippi 1552 1035 1714 3% 41 Arkansas 1551 1034 1698 4% 42 Utah 1540 1027 1690 5% 43 Texas 1539 1026 1432 62% 44 Nevada 1526 1017 1458 54% 45 New Mexico 1524 1016 1617 12% 46 Delaware 1522 1015 1359 100% 47 District of Columbia 1518 1012 1309 100% 48 Louisiana 1517 10 1667 5% 49 Maine 15 1008 1387 96% 50 Alabama 1496 998 1617 7% 51 West Virginia 1444 963 1522 15% Each state is listed with its SAT score adjusted for(controlled for) participation rate. Other columns include the rank of the normed SAT score, the new SAT conversion, the raw SAT score, and the participation rate. The top two states for normed SAT scores are Massachusetts and Connecticut. This isn't a surprise. Both states have relatively large education budgets. Massachusetts (home state of PrepScholar) and Connecticut have some of the best colleges in the USA, and both have a strong emphasis on high school education and test prep. The bottom two states are Alabama and West Virginia. The spread between the top and bottom is more than a whopping 250 points around the same improvement our PrepScholar Online Prep program guarantees. States Ranked by Average ACT Scores,Adjusted Rank State Average ACT Score,Adjusted Raw Average ACT Score Participation Rate 1 Minnesota 23.04 22.9 76% 2 Connecticut 22.93 24.2 29% 3 Massachusetts 22.72 24.3 23% 4 New Hampshire 22.63 24.2 20% 5 Ohio 22.47 22 72% 6 Montana 22.42 20.5 100% 7 Vermont 22.32 23.2 29% 8 Colorado 22.31 20.6 100% 9 New York 22.27 23.4 27% 10 Nebraska 22.20 21.7 86% Wisconsin 22.04 22.2 73% 12 Kansas 22.02 22 75% 13 Utah 21.97 20.8 100% 14 South Dakota 21.93 21.9 78% 15 Illinois 21.87 20.7 100% 16 Missouri 21.80 21.8 76% 17 North Carolina 21.79 18.9 100% 18 Virginia 21.79 22.8 28% 19 New Jersey 21.78 23.1 25% 20 Indiana 21.73 21.9 40% 21 Idaho 21.71 22.4 45% 22 Florida 21.66 19.6 81% 23 Washington 21.60 23 22% 24 North Dakota 21.57 20.6 100% 25 Iowa 21.49 22 68% 26 California 21.41 22.3 29% 27 South Carolina 21.37 20.4 58% 28 Georgia 21.34 20.8 53% 29 Arkansas 21.21 20.4 93% 30 Michigan 21.21 20.1 100% 31 Tennessee 21.16 19.8 100% 32 Wyoming 21.14 20.1 100% 33 Maryland 21.07 22.6 22% 34 Kentucky 21.07 19.9 100% 35 Pennsylvania 21.04 22.7 19% 36 Alabama 21.01 20.6 80% 37 Rhode Island 20.99 22.9 16% 38 Oregon 20.88 21.4 36% 39 Texas 20.78 20.9 40% 40 Nevada 20.76 21.2 36% 41 Hawaii 20.73 18.2 90% 42 Oklahoma 20.72 20.7 75% 43 Delaware 20.69 23.2 18% 44 West Virginia 20.69 20.6 65% 45 Alaska 20.63 21 37% 46 Maine 20.56 23.6 9% 47 District of Columbia 20.41 21.6 37% 48 Louisiana 20.37 19.2 100% 49 Arizona 20.12 19.7 55% 50 Mississippi 20.04 19 100% 51 New Mexico 20.04 19.9 69% Each state is listed with its ACT score adjusted for(controlled for) participation rate. Other columns include the rank of the normedACT score, the raw average ACT score, and the participation rate. The top states are Minnesota, another stated renowned for its education, and Connecticut (also on the top SAT scores list). The bottom states on this normed ACT list are Mississippi and New Mexico. We’ve presented our results first because we know that’s what most people are looking for. However, it's important to understand why average SAT / ACT scores are important, why adjustingis critical, and how we did the norming. Below, we get into those details. Why Are Average SAT / ACT Scores by State Important? For some, knowing state average test scores is fun trivia: my state is the best and smartest. But for many students and parents, knowing state average SAT / ACT scores can be critical. For students applying for scholarships, many scholarships are more competitive in "smarter" states. For students who want to compare themselves totheir in-state peers, the scores above are also very useful. For families thinking of moving states, they may want to make sure their target state has a good education system. For researchers and education designers, this data helps them see which state systems are working and which ones may be failing. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Why Is Adjusting (aka Controlling, or Norming)Needed? You absolutely cannot rely on raw average SAT / ACT scores to gauge state performance!This is because raw SAT / ACT scores are terribly confounded with participation rates. The reason is simple. Let's look atthe SAT. The best SAT students in any state tend to be the most aggressive about wanting to take the test (after all, it shows them in a good light). Therefore, if a state’s SAT participation is low, the state will only have the best students taking it, making the score artificially high. Likewise, if a state requires the SAT, it will have 100% participation but also include the worst SAT takers, making the score artificially low. In fact, the highest raw SAT state is North Dakota, which also has the flimsiest participation at 2%. Because the participation rate is so low, that means few, if any, schools in North Dakota require the SAT, so the only people who take it are those who really want to and went out of their way to take the test. These people likely studied for the SAT, are naturally good at the SAT, and can expect to do better than average. The lowest raw SAT state is Washington DC, which also has the highest participation at 100%. Likewise, this indicates that the district required everyone to take the SAT, so even students who didn't want to take it at all had to take it and this last group probably didn't study much and aren't naturally good at the SAT. We can see this negative relationship between participation rates and SAT / ACT scores in the two graphs below. On each X-axis, you see the participation rate expressed as a decimal (for example, .50 means half the people participated.) On the Y-axis, you see average SAT or ACT score. The pattern is stunningly clear: States with higher participation rates in either test almost always have much lower scores. Raw SAT Average Score per State vs. Participation Rate Raw ACT Average Score per State vs. Participation Rate This pattern would cause terrible bias if you were to judge a state by its raw SAT or ACT averages. You would be giving a highly unfair advantage to states with low participation rates which can showcase their best students. In fact, participation rates explain the vast majority (more than 80%) of natural variation in SAT scores and ACT scores. This means that correcting for participation rates is absolutely necessary. How Is the AdjustingDone? Basically, the adjusting is done when we take one state’s raw test scores and compare them toother states with similar participation rates. For example, take Massachusetts, with itsraw SAT average score of 1556. If you look at this score by itself, it’s not impressive pretty middle of the pack. But Massachusetts has an SAT participation rate of 84% one of the highest in the nation. Therefore, during adjustment, we compare this against a state with a similar participation rate: for example Maryland, with a rate of 78%. We see Maryland has an SAT score of 1468 and thus Massachusetts is actually very impressive when compared to peer states with similar participation rates. As a researcher with both a Master’s in statistics and a Doctorate in economics, including economic statistical methods, I ensured that the method used above is robust. That is, I made sure I used as much information as possible during norming to infer the SAT / ACT scores that each state would have gotten if they had the same participation rates. The methods I used should be rather immune to slight errors in the assumptions, and few assumptions were made to begin with. I also documented all my methods here so any other statistician can replicate my results to verify they are true [1]. How Are State Averages Useful for Students? One of the ways state average scores are most useful for students is as a peer group to compare to. If you want to know what a good, bad, or excellent SAT is or ACT score is, then these state averages provide a reference. However, you should understand that you can be more than average. You can improve your score and beat your state average, sometimes by a substantial amount, if you prep for the SAT and ACT. In fact, some of the top states in the list above, Massachusetts and Connecticut, are well-known for some of their top prep shops. Get started today! What's Next? Want to know how well you did on the SAT / ACT or what score you should be aiming for? Learn what's a good SAT score and what's a good ACT score! Interested in more information to help you understand this data? Check out average SAT scores by state and average ACT scores by state.These articles can help you understand how well your state is doing and how your test scores compare to other students within your state. Want to improve your test scores?Check out ourguides to learn 15 tips forraising your SAT score and your ACT score. [1] The full method I used was linear regression on states as observations (N=51). The regression was of both SAT scores onto participation rates on both the SAT and ACT, their interactions, and their second powers, as well as a constant. An analogous regression was made for SAT scores. The SAT score residual from this regression was added to the statewide average SAT score to get predicted SAT scores of all states if they had the same participation rate namely that of the average state. It turns out that simple one element regression of SAT scores on SAT participation rates captures the vast majority of variation of the full regression, so similar results should hold in this more robust base case. Participation rates explained up to about 80% of the variation in both SAT and ACT scores, and, therefore, this correction is substantial. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. Fred graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.c8924f5a-8f95-4978-b312-b25074ded06e'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Healthcare Delivery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare Delivery - Essay Example In most situations, nurses take the big role of consoling patients as they patiently wait for the doctor. This issue can arguably said to be contributed by the fact that doctors are not well paid thus, they go abroad to seek for greener pastures where they can get good salary (Lundy and Janes 121). In addition, it is also evident that due to low remuneration form in the public sector, many doctors opt to operate private clinics where they have potential of earning good money. As a result, public hospitals record shortage of doctors. On the other hand, it is evident that due to shortage of doctors in public hospitals, the few available doctors are overwork as a result of attending to many patients without enough rest. When this happens, studies have documented that employees who overwork tend to offer poor quality services to their clients. In this regard, it is evident that the doctors would not be in a position to offer quality care to the patients due to exhaustion. In another dime nsion, current studies have also shown that motivation is a crucial element required for employees to produce quality work. Nevertheless, when employees are not motivated, they end not giving top results. In light of this, the bottom line is that since the few available doctors in the public hospitals receive low salaries and few incentives to motivate them, they feel not motivated to devote all their professionalism when attending to patients (Lundy and Janes 121). In addition, although some of the few available doctors in public hospitals may be seen in the office, most of them just appear there for a few hours and leave for their other assignments which include attending to their patients on their private clinics of other businesses that would help in supplementing the deficit they feel exists as a result of low salary by the government. The latter is that many patients will spend many hours queuing as they wait to see the doctor only to be turned down when the doctor walks away. Some doctors keep on changing or postponing patients’ appointments due to their busy schedule. The end result of all these deliberations is the provision of low quality services in the healthcare delivery. The other important issue of concern is the high cost of medical. Medical processes including diagnosis, testing, emergency care, specialist, admission costs and prescriptions have been a challenge to many people in the United States. For instance, some tests are considered costly to middle class and poor people in the United States. A specialised test that requires special machinery and chemicals may be expensive for ordinary people. In addition, some diseases require specialist to attend. The problem is when such specialists are few in the public hospitals (Lundy and Janes 122). In fact, most of the specialist operates private clinics. Therefore, the cost of seeing and getting help from them becomes high for ordinary people. It is also evident that staying in hospital fo r a long time translates to more money required to settle the hospital bills. This would be a problem to people who are not enrolled to any of the healthcare programs subsidized by the government. On the same note, even after being dispatched from the hospital, some people may not be able to take care of themselves due to high cost of after care services and other prescriptions required for recovery. In this regard, they are bound to look for cheap alternatives that do not lender good and quality services. Conclusion It

The world lay spread before me (Vol.I, chapter xix). How does Dickens Essay

The world lay spread before me (Vol.I, chapter xix). How does Dickens use narrative to explore the idea of great expectations in his novel - Essay Example These words carry great expectations, doubts, apprehensions, excitement, and anxiety. Charles Dickens drew on some of his own childhood perceptions with Pip as the narrator. Pip’s education and development takes place through adversity as he discovers the true nature of his great expectations. The adversities come in the form of intriguing incidents, which changed Pip’s life from that of an orphan to a rich man. He abandons his humble origins to begin a new life as a gentle man in London. Each incident, starting from a terrifying encounter with an escaped convict in a graveyard, summons to meet Miss Havisham whose clock of life has stopped, to the meeting with Estella, the beautiful but spiteful ward of Miss Havisham, and the sudden generosity of an unknown benefactor – all of these touch Pip’s life and give rise to great expectations within him. Pip had grown up an orphan in harsh conditions and difficult situations. He does a good turn for an escaped convict (as much out of fear as out of charity). This act of kindness is the beginning of his transition. He then finds himself going up the socio-economic ladder all the while enjoying great expectations with the help of an unknown benefactor. Pip receives great expectations as a reward for his act of charity. His life takes a turn when he is given a huge sum of money, which takes him to London to lead a life of a wealthy man. Dickens uses the narrative to point out that great expectations blind us to reason and gives rise to arrogance. Drawing from his personal experiences, Dickens provides deep insight into the lives and expectations of a society rich in wealth and power. They are far removed from moral values. The simple and hardworking people in the same society during the same era uphold these moral values. Dickens enlightens us with the fact that good and evil will exist in

Beauty In The Bluest Eye English Literature Essay

Beauty In The Bluest Eye English Literature Essay Toni Morrisons novel, The Bluest Eye is a great read that reflects racism in a different way. Racism is usually understood as a class being oppressed or discriminated by another. However, in The Bluest Eye racism has been approached in a very unique way. The characters in this novel are subjected to internalize a set of values that are taught from their descendants and are fragmented. The black community in the novel has accepted white standards of beauty, judging Maureens light skin to be beautiful and Pecolas dark skin to be ugly. Giving a rise to Pecolas obsessive desire to have the Bluest Eyes. In this book The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, beauty seems to be necessary to have happiness. Especially when it comes to Pecola Breedlove, Pecola and her entire family was seen as ugly, in fact the exact wording from the book is relentlessly and aggressively ugly. Pecolas unhappiness with her looks had her often wishing she could disappear. Letting herself breathe easy now, Pecola covered her head with the quilt. The sick feeling, which she had tried to prevent by holding in her stomach, came quickly in spite of her precaution. There surged in her the desire to heave, but as always, she knew she would not. Please, God, she whispered into the palm of her hand. Please make me disappear. She squeezed her eyes shut. Little parts of her body faded away. Now slowly, now with a rush. Slowly again. Her fingers went, one by one; then her arms. disappeared all the way to the elbow. Her feet now. Yes, that was good. The legs all at once. It was hardest above the thighs. She had to be real stil l and pull. Her stomach would not go. But finally it, too, went away. Then her chest, her neck. The face was hard, too. Almost done, almost. Only her tight, tight eyes were left. They were always left. Try as she might, she could never get her eyes to disappear (pg 13). This part of the story is very clear to me; there is a time in every childs life when they wish they were invisible. Society today as well as in the 1940s has placed standards in which beauty is measured up to; a lot of people have a hard time separating themselves from societys standards of beauty. Each person is beautiful in their own way: each persons eye has its own idea of beauty. This story takes places in the 1940s but the issues reflected in it still go on presently today. In the beginning of the book the symbol of beauty is Shirley Temple, a girl with golden curls, blue eyes and a bright smile. Freda and Pecola love Shirley, yet Claudia on the other hand despises her. Claudia dislike for Shirley Temple is so strong that she dislikes anyone that remotely looks like her. While on the other hand Pecola loves Shirley Temple so much that she drank 3 pints of milk over a 24 hour period just to look at Shirleys image on the cup. Claudia and Pecola are two little girls that are so much alike but so different. Claudia at her young age despises the image that Pecola considers beauty so much to a point where she destroys dolls which remind her of this beauty. Pecola is so intrigued with blue eyes and their concept of beauty, that she purchases Mary Jane candy with the blue-eyed blond girl on the outside. Pecola thinks that by selecting this candy she will feel closer to the little girl pictured on the candy. Throughout the book Pecolas desire to have blue eyes s ets her up on a path of destruction. Pecola longs for blue eyes, she thinks, .if those eyes of her were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different (46). Pecola in her mind believes that if she has blue eyes she will be considered beautiful, and will be liked. She is constantly praying to have blue eyes. Most of us have felt the feelings that Pecola had, it may not be who has the bluest eye like in the 1940s, but today we have our own set of beauty standards. In today society its all about who has the most money, or who is the skinniest, and if you are not rich, there is some program you can purchase to teach you how to become rich, and a doctor that can get you skinny instantly. In todays society television is the main source of the misconception of beauty. In the 1940s it was things as simple as a piece of candy or a doll. Pecola as a young girl fell victim to these misconceptions. In this book the Breedlove family was outdoors. Claudia indicates in the story that if a family is considered outdoors it was a real terror of life. The Breedloves were described as aggressively ugly. After reading this book, the Breedloves were not actually ugly in appearance. Their beliefs and actions are what made them ugly. The Breedloves became victims of their environment and all have some type of dysfunction. When a person hears or sees something long enough it becomes a reality. Everything around the Breedloves pointed out ugly in them. It began for Mrs. Breedlove at the movie theater, when she lost a tooth from then on she gave up on her outward appearance. Cholly Breedloves problems began when he was a child and was humiliated by the police while having relations with a female in the bushes. The humiliation he felt made him have a hate towards woman and himself which he expressed by drinking heavily, beating his wife, and raping his daughter. Each family member had a destru ctive attitude. Sammy expressed himself through bursts of murderous rage aimed at his father. Pecola stayed hidden. Pecolas desire to want blue eyes is more than a result of her story. It is from hundreds of years of racial tension. Pecolas inability to deal with the real world brought on mental illness and caused her to create a false reality where she has invented a friend. Together they would walk the streets and vacant lots and discuss Pecolas new blue eyes. Toni Morrison did a great job writing this book, this novel is very visual, at times I could smell the marigolds, or picture the Breedloves in battle. There is one thing that is very obvious from this novel, the tragedy known as Pecolas life.

Agricultural Science Essay

The poultry house was properly sanitized in order to keep the chicks healthy and warm in all weather conditions. This was also done to keep away diseases from the chicks. The poultry house was erected at an east – west orientation. * Tools were collected (e.g. broom, empty bags, disinfectant, shovel) * Old litter was shoveled up, bagged and removed to the compost heap. See figure 1. * Using the broom, the mesh and ceiling were cob-webbed. See figure 2. * Materials that were caked onto the floor was scraped using the shovel, the floor was then washed with disinfectant. The tarpaulin was hoisten for sunlight to penetrate the area. * The area was left to dry for two (2) days. * The tools were cleaned and dried then returned to the storeroom. Preparation of the Brooding Area (21|9|11) Brooding is the special care given to the chicks. Brooding is important as it keeps the chicks warm and safe when they are small. * A confined area was constructed for baby chicks. * Tools and materials were collected e.g. sawdust, newspaper, light bulb, waterers, feeders * Sawdust was placed on the floor and covered with newspaper to prevent the baby chicks from swallowing the sawdust. See figure 3. * The tarpaulin was rolled down to prevent cold air and water from entering the area. * An infra red bulb was placed in the brooding area to give warmth to the chicks. * Feeders and waterers were washed and disinfected. Water was placed in the waterers. They were then placed in the brooding area. See figure 4. * The foot bath was washed and disinfectant (Jeyes) was then placed in the foot bath to remove bacteria from the feet. See figure 5. Arrival of chicks (26|9|11) Upon the arrival of chicks, they were checked for abnormalities and were introduced to water before they were given feed. Daily Observations Daily observations are carried out from the arrival date to slaughtering date. During this period a number of activities were carried out. * Feeding: young birds are feed daily to enhance growth and health. * Washing of feeders and waterier. * Removal of old newspaper and replacing them with new ones. * Turning over the litter, with shovel and removing wet litter. * Removal of dead birds and tallying. * Adjust tarpaulin. * Adjust automatic feeder and waterer. Expansion Of Brooders(13|10|11) The chicks were removed from the brooding area to a larger section of the poultry house where they will stay until they are ready for slaughtering. Mortality Rate 75 chicks were bought and a total of 3 died. The mortality rate was worked out to be 4% (375*100) . Preparation for slaughtering A day before slaughtering feeding was withdrawn from the chickens so as to reduce wastage and also to prevent the presence of food in the crop when it is removed. However they were still allowed access to water. Slaughtering (16|11|11) The head of the birds were positioned downwards so that the blood could flow down easily. The heads were cut off using a sharp knife. The chickens were scalded and plucked. Scalding was done by immersing the chicks in a bucket with warm water for about 45-60 seconds. Scalding the chicks allowed the feathers to be removed easily; plucking was done immediately after the scalding process. The chickens were then eviscerated (process of removing everything inside the body and also the head and feet). This process involves * removing by making a cut behind the neck. * separating the esophagus, trachea and crop from the neck skin. * opening the body cavity by making a cut near the vent, extending the cut around the vent. * removing the viscera (including the lungs) through the opening. * washing the chickens thoroughly when all the contents of the cavity were removed * separating the heart, liver and gizzard; the heart was trimmed to remove any thing that may be attached to it. * trimming the gall bladder, carefully, away from the liver. * splitting the gizzard lengthwise and washing the contents away; the lining was peeled away to make it edible. During the eviscerating process the chickens were put on a sanitized table. After evisceration the carcass was cooled by using ice water. They were then bagged and marketed. Dressing & Marketing of Birds (16|11|11) Birds were defeathered and the contents were removed, the offals and the carcasses were placed in clean water and put to chill in ice water. After thirty minutes they were then drained and packaged. They were then placed in a refrigerator for storage. Cleaning up the area (16|11|11) The feathers were remove to a corner of the farm to be dried and burnt, the intestine was boiled, some was given to the dogs while the rest was disposed of, the slaughtering area was sanitized with disinfectant and washed and left to be dried for further use and also to keep away flies and other insects. Projected Income Output * Income Output = 375 lbs Price = $130.00 Projected income = 375 lbs * $130.00 $48,750 Projected Expenditure Spade $1,200.00 Booster $420.00 Broom $150.00 Hose $1,000.00 Waterer (2 * $950) $1,900.00 Feeder (2 * $950) $1,900.00 Dust Mask (1 pack) $600.00 Baby Chicks (75 * $63) $4,725.00 Plasson (2 * $3500) $7,000.00 Sawdust (5 * $200) $1,000.00 Tarpaulin (2 * $250) $500.00 Feed (12 * $1300) $15,600.00 Disinfectant Jeyes $900.00 Labour $3,000.00 Total $39,475.00 Surplus : Projected income – projected expenditure Surplus = $48,750.00 – $39,475 = $9,275.00 Actual Income and Expenditure Actual Income Output * Price Output = 225 lbs Price = $130.00 Actual Income = $29, 250.00 Actual Expenditure Booster (1 * $420) = $420.00 Dust Mask (1 * 450) = $450.00 Feed (12 * 1,300) =15,600.00 Baby Chicks (75 * $63) = $725.00 Labour =$3,000.00 Total = $24,195 Surplus: Actual Income – Actual Expenditure = $29,250.00 – $24,195.00 = $5,055.00 COST ANALYSIS Seventy five (75) chicks were bought, 72 were slaughtered due to a 4% mortality rate. It was estimated that all the seventy five (75) chicks bought would be slaughtered. The average weight per chick was 5lbs; the actual weight was 3.125lbs. This resulted in a change in the income, causing a decrease in profit. The actual income was $5,055.00 for chicken meat while the projected income was $9,275.00. The projected expenditure surpassed the actual by $15,280. This was due to fact that we did not purchase the spade, broom, hose, waterers, feeders, plasson, sawdust, tarpaulin and the disinfectant (Jeyes) as they were provided by the school. The projected income and expenditure was more than the actual, however, we still made a profit and not a loss. General comments Broiler production has become a popular farming activity in the West Indies (W.I.). In Jamaica poultry provide a source of income in a short period of time more than other farm works. To enter the world of poultry you do not need a larger start-up capital so you will find more and more people involve in the poultry business. Another factor is that in less than two month there is a turnover on the capital with proper management and a larger area of production. Since the required space per bird is 6 square inch (15 cm2). It was a success due to the fact that we made a profit and not a loss, however, we could make more profit if we(students) had paid more attention to the chicks. Recommendations * Increase the size of the poultry house and brooding area, in order to increase poultry production. * More attention could be paid to the chicks by students. * Provide a farm man to work on weekends and holidays. Conclusion After carrying the actual project it is concluded that the rearing of broiler bird takes a minimum of 6 weeks. With proper management boiler production also provide a good profit, it is also observed that boiler has a high dressing percentage and a good converter of feed using an average of two to three pounds of feed to provide one pound of meat.